Fallen Angels by Walter Dean Myers Review

Since its publication in 1988, Fallen Angels by Walter Dean Myers continues to be a book both beloved and banned in school libraries across the country. A realistic novel about the Vietnam War, the day to day struggles of young soldiers and a soldiers view about Vietnam, this book is bound to be offensive to some and embraced by others. Read this review to learn more details about this high-profile book by an established and award-winning author. Fallen Angels: The Story It’s 1967 and American boys are enlisting to fight in Vietnam. Young Richie Perry just graduated from high school, but he feels lost and unsure about what to do with his life. Thinking the military will keep him out of trouble, he enlists. Richie and his group of soldiers are deployed immediately to the jungles of Vietnam. They believe the war will be over very soon and don’t plan to see much action; however, they are dropped down in the middle of a war zone and discover the war is nowhere near being finished. Richie discovers the horrors of war: landmines, the enemy lurking in spider holes and murky swamps, the accidental shooting of soldiers in your own platoon, burned out villages full of old people and toddlers and the children who are strapped with bombs and sent amongst the American soldiers. What began as an exciting adventure for Richie is turning into a nightmare. Fear and death are tangible in Vietnam and soon Richie begins to question why he is fighting.  After surviving two encounters with death, Richie is honorably discharged from the service. Disillusioned about the glory of war, Richie returns home with a renewed desire to live and an appreciation for the family he left behind. About Walter Dean Myers Author Walter Dean Myers is a war veteran who first enlisted in the military when he was 17. Like the main character, Richie, he saw the military as a way to get out of his neighborhood and away from trouble. For three years, Myers stayed in the military and recalls his time served as â€Å"numbing.† In 2008 Myers wrote a companion novel to Fallen Angels called Sunrise Over Fallujah. Robin Perry, the nephew of Richie, decides to enlist and fight the war in Iraq. Awards and Challenges Fallen Angels  won the prestigious American Library Association’s 1989 Coretta Scott King Award, but it also ranks 11 on its most challenged and banned book list between the years 2000 and 2009. Depicting the reality of war, Walter Dean Myers, who is a veteran himself, is faithful to the way soldiers talk and act. The newly enlisted soldiers are depicted as boastful, idealistic and fearless. After the first exchange of fire with the enemy, the illusion is shattered and the reality of death and dying changes these young boys into tired old men. The details of combat can be as gruesome as the description of a soldier’s final breathing moments. Due to the graphic nature of the language and fighting, Fallen Angels has been challenged by many groups.

Bullying Is A Universal Issue - 1428 Words

Bullying is a universal issue that can be found in schools worldwide and it has become an increasing pressing issue within the current school system. It can be said that bullying begins during the earlier stages of primary school and then continues through to secondary schools. According to the NSPCC (2014), bullying is defined as â€Å"a behaviour that hurts someone.† This type of behaviour can involve an individual engaging in name calling, threatening another individual as well as physically abusing them, for example hitting, throwing or punching someone. This suggests that bullying can occur physically or verbally. On the other hand others may argue that bullying is a systematic abuse of power (Rigby, 2002, in Dupper, 2013, p.9). In addition with a rise in technology and extreme use of social networking sites, bullying not only occurs face to face but also online. The increasing occurrence of online bullying may be due to the anonymity that can come with some of these networking sites. Schools have picked up on cyberbullying and have raised awareness among students by offering support to ensure that victims don’t suffer in silence. Olweus (1993) stated that a student is characterised as a person who is bullied or victimised when they are exposed, continually and consistently to negative actions by others. Sociologists carry the notion that education is a transmission of culture (Stenhouse, 1967, p.1). A school’s culture can significantly effect and influence pupils’Show MoreRelatedThe School Setting And Bully Prevention Programs1468 Words   |  6 Pages Issues in the School Setting and Bully Prevention Programs A positive school climate is definitely essential to effectively prevent bullying behaviors, thus it is vital for school personnel to understand what constitutes a positive school climate. 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This design used descriptive and correlation statistics which compared and analyzed data within groups when describing the number of bullying incidents asRead MoreNurse Turnover Rate Among Registered Nurses1332 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica is one of the most affluent countries in the world, but is also a nation that has a healthcare industry that is in much turmoil. One of the more pivotal influences of this turmoil is nurse turnover rate. Nurse turnover does not have a universal meaning, consequently making it difficult to associate turnover rates in healthcare facilities and geographical areas. In all actuality, â€Å"Nurse turnover is an undesirable trend for healthcare employers. It s expensive, it s disruptive, and it threatensRead MoreDefinition Essay on Bullying708 Words   |  3 Pagesopens the door that there was a problem at school. Normally, the first thought that comes to mind is that someone was being a bull y in school. Nowadays, bullying is a major deal, and there’s always different ways of bullying, but the three most common are verbal bullying, physical bullying, and cyber bullying. To start off, is physical bullying, which is self-explanatory in reality but can get out of hand. People who get bullied physically are within body contact of their bully. For example,Read MoreThe Issue Of Bullying At School951 Words   |  4 Pagesassignment I am going to describe an issue that I passionate about it. Bully is an issue that destroys a family specialist the kid involve in the situation. Those children can experience negative physical, school, and mental health issues. Kids who are bullied are more likely to experience. Depression and anxiety, increased feelings of sadness and loneliness, changes in sleep and eating patterns, and loss of interest in activities they used to enjoy. These issues may persist into adulthood. Three actionsRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Teenagers830 Words   |  4 PagesBullying is the use of a superior strength or influence to intimidate someone, typically to force the individual to do what one wants. Bullying is a behavior that in tentionally hurts someone physically or emotionally acted by an individual or group. Bullying can take many forms and is often motivated by prejudice against a particular group; for example, on the grounds of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or any physical or mental disability. Stopping violence and ensuring safety is obviouslyRead MoreBullying Is A Type Of Unwanted Aggressive Behavior Among Individuals1110 Words   |  5 PagesBullying Jonae Herring PSY 150- 5152 Introduction What is bullying? There is no universal definition of the term bullying. However, it is widely agreed upon that bullying is a type of unwanted aggressive behavior among individuals. A bully is defined as one who uses superior strength or influence to intimidate. It is common for us to think that bullying most likely takes place at school but now, bullying can be found anywhere. Bullying has recently been blamed for the increasing number of suicidesRead MoreBullying Is Defined As Unwanted Aggressive Behaviors By A Youth Or Group Of Youth1325 Words   |  6 PagesYouth Bullying Issue Statement Bullying is defined as unwanted aggressive behaviors by another youth or group of youth, who are not sibling or current dating partners, involving an observed or perceived power in balance and is repeated multiple times or highly likely to be repeated (CDC 2016). Bullying can result in physical injuries, social and emotional difficulties and academic problems. An estimate of 2.7 million youth are victims to bullying and estimated 160,000 children miss school everyRead MoreEfforts to Fight Cyber Bullying1182 Words   |  5 Pagesmimic its treacherous definitional predecessors. The click of a mouse has cause youthful individuals to commit suicide and live lifestyles that are indulged in depression. Cyber bullying is a fairly new type of violence and this is why it is so hard to counter. One of the most prominent forms of counter-cyber bullying that the United States implements is through legislations, which have resulted in mixed results. Psychologist and Sociologist agree that the negative reinforcement approach doesn’tRead MoreThe Dangers Of Cyber Bullying Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesIt is important to understand that technology has been the main source for these bullies to go from traditional bullying to cyber-bullying. Today, there is a significant changed because now teenagers own a device and have easy access to the use of technology. According to the Family Community Health (Kiriakidis Kavoura, Volume 33, 2010) it is stated, â€Å"these methods of communication cannot always be monitored by parents who may not be as capable as their children in using information technology

Pressure †Creative Writing Free Essays

This was going to be the biggest game of my life. It was the final game to clinch our undefeated season but it was against our archrivals, Nudgee. This game was the decider, as Nudgee was also looking to seal their season undefeated. We will write a custom essay sample on Pressure – Creative Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now After preparing mentally in the chapel with some strong words of wisdom from Father Gadd it was then off into the dressing rooms. We started out usual warm up. I tried to make it as if it was just another game, but in the back of my mind it wasn’t just a normal game. It was the final game that most of the team would ever play for their school and also it was the first time that any of us had the chance to go through the whole season undefeated. After the warm up it was time to get mentally prepared and psyched up. We had time for the final few minutes that the team had together before stepping onto the battlefield in front of the thousands of chanting supporters who timidly sat and waited. â€Å"TOKIO!† That was the last school war cry leading up to a game that most of us would ever do. We started the long walk to the battlefield where we could see our rival opponents standing sternly linked arm in arm. As intimidating as it looked, I’m sure that we sent shivers down their spines as we walked out to confront them for the toss. Each player firmly grasped their opposite’s hand in subtle fury, trying to act like good sports but when it came to the crunch there were no mates in a rugby game. We were both playing to win, to win for ourselves, our team and finally our school. After losing the toss this set us on the back foot with having to start the game off not running our favoured way that we had successfully done in all the previous games. But this was just a minor set back that we just had to deal with. My heart was pumping with adrenalin, like something was inside us just trying to burst out as the last moments went by, before the highly rated side Nudgee kicked off. The crowd was cheering accompanied by drunken old boys behind us when we ran the first ball up into Nudgee’s front line racing towards us. All you could hear was the slapping of skins and the crunching noises when vital tackles were made along with team members screaming to organise what was happening. We were on the back foot metres from our try line as the powerful favourites Nudgee pulverized into our burly defensive line. But our already battered and bruised side could only hold them out for so long and gave away a penalty in close range for Nudgee’s kicker to put three points on the board. Another set back with us being down three points halfway through the first half. We had to start performing or our dreams would shatter, so with all heads up we took it straight back to Nudgee sacrificing what ever it took to get over that line. We ran and ran and ran but there was nothing we could do to get past that intimidating back line with various over grown Islanders staring deep into our eyes. We bruised the favourites with two penalty conversions which left the score at six to three at the half time point. Sitting as a group listening to our furious coach Rob who accepted nothing but perfection yelling at the top of his lungs, I knew that he expected more from us and at times I thought he would rather be out there playing than coaching. We all had a drink, thinking about the game and no doubt putting together individual scenarios to what was going to happen. Mine was that we would find a weakness in Nudgee’s back line and break through it in the dying minutes of the game but the unexpected was about to happen. Both teams started the second half fresh as if it was the start of the game all over again. It was starting to get exceptionally personal. Bodies of desperate players were pounding into each other sacrificing what ever it took to obtain everyone’s end of year goal that was a perfect season. Finally after taking desperate measures for our game success, we were awarded a penalty in kicking distance. This was the kick that would put us into a six-point lead and give us some breathing ground. Thankfully, I was successful in doing so. But then inner rage possessed our five eight which resulted in him being in the sinbin for ten minutes. I was moved from half back to five eight to replace him. A member of the 3rd XV was subbed on to play half back. I hadn’t played much of this position that year but I knew what I was doing from previous experience. I was lucky I knew every move back to front and could do it from any position but playing here put me under a lot of pressure, as it was a key position in the back line. I put all negatives beside me and carried on with the game. I was doing fine and missed putting my outside centre through a gap by the skin of his teeth. But then something happened that would haunt me. Right on the half way line I was thrown a slow pass from the freshly subbed halfback. As I was watching the ball, all I could hear was the loud furious breathing of the Nudgee back line running at me with my life flashing before my eyes so I took my eye off the ball and looked at them which caused me to drop the ball and a Nudgee inside centre had a free run from half way score a try under the posts. My head dropped. I felt like I had failed the team because of a stupid mistake. Standing under the post for an unmissable conversion in front, all I could see was a heart broken team. Some of us tried to stay positive but for the majority it was almost over. The score was 10-9 to Nudgee with about three minutes to go. We had three minutes to get a point that would satisfy our whole schoolboy rugby career. It was possible. After battling with the victory thirsty team, it was hard but we wanted it more. I could see it in everyone’s eyes. We were awarded a penalty on the half way line and had no choice but to have a shot or it was the end of the game. I took my usual steps and struck the ball as hard as I could. The kick was right on target and I cried out in victory, but the ball fell short into the hands of the opposition who failed to kick the ball out. Desperately trying to break through with no time left in the game, the Nudgee defence was too keen and was caught offside about 35metres out. It felt like God gave me a lifeline. As I placed the ball on the tee, my hands were shaking. The result of the game rested in my hands. I took a deep breath and pretended it was a kick that I had done thousands of times. After I struck the sweet spot of the ball I didn’t look up from the ground, but from the gigantic roar I heard from the crowd I knew what had happened. How to cite Pressure – Creative Writing, Papers

Commercial and Corporation Law Analysis

Question: Explain the commercial and corporate law. Answer: Introduction: The term equity is often misunderstood and as a result misapplied by Courts when asked to grant an equitable remedy. In a broad sense, equity means power to do justice and in a restricted sense it means exercising of discretionary power to alleviate the strictness of rules and laws[1]. Equity means the power to adapt to the respite to the situations of the particular case. However, this does not mean that equity provides boundless discretion to the judge to decide cases. According to Llewellyn, equity may give tyrannous power to the judges as it is like a giants strength. Famous writers on the subject of equity have agreed that equity and equitable are terms that are difficult to define[2]. The use of terms such as equity, equitable, fair and compassionate has resulted in decisions of the Court where rationale remains hidden. A court may often rely on equitable remedies and equitable precedents in a case where it is difficult to rely on the bargain of contract as it was too hard. A d ecision that relies only on equity is marked analytically weak and suspicious. Equity is often criticized for its flexibility, as this flexibility is used against a background of particular rules on misrepresentation, mistake, undue influence and estoppel. Despite all the negative reviews against equity, it is seen that equity has sought to repair injustice from gaps left in the common law of contract[3]. Critical Analysis: 1st Case Analysis: Waltons Stores Interstate Ltd v Maher[4] This is a famous case in Australian contract law. The court held in the case that the doctrine of promissory estoppel can be a cause of action in certain cases. Maher was an owner of a property on which Waltions Stores wanted to establish a department store. Depending on the representations made by Walton, Maher demolished the existing the store and started to built a new building in its place. However, the contract was never completed as Waltons did not sign the lease because of Mahers hostile attitude towards them. The High Court estopped the unconscionable conduct of Waltons from denying the contract. Since Maher had acted depending on the representations made by Waltons, equity would intervene. According to Mason CJ, there are differences between contract and an equity created by estoppel[5]. A contractual obligation is a creation of parties and an obligation created by equity is irrespective of any contract that the party may be bound to. In the case of Barnes v. Alderton[6], a dispute between sister and brother over a property in NSW arose. According to the defendant, at the time when they purchased the property he was 21 while his sister was 15. He further stated that since his father was working on the central coast and mother in Sydney, the family was divided. However, the only people who looked after the property were the defendant and his father. As per the memory of the defendant, the dues of the property were paid from their joint account. The Court held that the doctrine of promissory estoppels cannot assist a person who hears a statement from someone who says that they are intending to make the hearer owner of the property. Such statement cannot be enforced as the person did not rely on the promise that was made to him. Hence, in this case the Court rejected the applicability of doctrine of promissory estoppel[7]. The case laws mentioned above are examples that show us that a wide range of discretionary powers are vested in the hands of the Courts to decide cases where there is ambiguity of application of contract law and rules[8]. In such cases, equity has provided justice to people and common law remedies were undermined. The doctrine of promissory estoppel is a defined and well stated doctrine however; there may be situations where in the Courts may decide cases going beyond the scope of the wordings of the doctrine. In the case laws mentioned above the Judges depended on the facts and circumstances of the case and had gone beyond common law jurisdictions. 2nd Case Analysis: Commercial Bank v Amadio[9] This was a famous case of equity and Australian Contract law. The issue in this case was unconscionable conduct due to lack of education and knowledge was evaluated and the effect it had on bargaining power. The son of Amadios conducted a business in which his parents became guarantors without their knowledge. The son entered in a contractual relationship with the bank and made their building a mortgage property. According to Amadios, the guarantee cannot be enforced as it was unconscionable. Unconscionable conduct does not have any particular meaning and it is completely the authority of the pressing Judge to determine whether the facts were in compliance with the statutory provision or not. The judgment in this case was that Amadios cannot be held liable as they did not know the legal implications of such a contract. This case relied more on equity and less on statutory provisions[10]. In the recent case of ACCC v. Lux[11], the Courts clarified the situations in which unconscionable conduct can be applicable. This case relied on the discretion of the Judge to analyze and decide whether unconscionable conduct rule can be applied or not. The Australian Consumer Law does not have any specific meaning of unconscionable conduct; however, it may mean action does not take into consideration the rules of conscience. In this case, the Court held Lux liable for unconscionable conduct for business transactions. In this case also the decision of the Judge depended on the principles of equity[12]. During the period of development of the principles of equity, Judges viewed the main function of equity as a tool for justifying the harshness and smoothing the roughness of the common law in cases where the Judges believed that such justification required application of natural law. Since the time equity was established, it was criticized for its flexibility. It was held by many theorists and authors that equity gave a lot of power to the Judges to decide cases in which statutory laws and principles do not have proper meaning. According to Justice Fuller, laws should be codified into two sections, firstly people must be good and secondly, Courts of equity should be given authority and power to enforce provisions of the formulated law[13]. The issue is that if equity had so many associated disadvantages then countries such as the United States would not have relied on the decision given by the Judges and till date no Court of equity would have existed. In fact, even in the early days of development of equity, Court never used unfettered discretion in giving their decisions. The courts of equity insisted citation of lawful authorities. In this sense, equitable means, body of rules and case laws that have emerged over the period of time[14]. The most important characteristic of equitable relief is that it is considers it to be extraordinary and not ordinary. The first result of this axiom is that equitable relief is considered as a matter of right and not of discretion. Hence, a party who relies on equitable relief cannot demand it as a matter of right but as a matter of discretion. This is what the commentators meant when they said that denying equitable relief is the discretion of the Court. They did not mean that the Court can grant equitable relief in all scenarios rather it meant that parties who place their cases as part of equitable relief are not automatically authorized to it[15]. Parties cannot demand equitable relief as a matter of their right, however, they may request for the same. Hence, with this we may now come up with the question, as to what relation does equity have with discretion? Discretion does not only mean personal choice of Judges, it may mean something more than just the applicability of personal conscience of Judges. In the equitable sense, discretion may mean principle discretion as opposed to unbridled discretion. Principle discretion is the guiding rule for any Judge to grant equitable relief, depending on the facts and scenarios of the case. Though Courts are regarded as court of good conduct and conscience, they may not grant equitable relief in the absence of a statutory provision or established precedent[16]. Conclusion: Conclusively it may be stated that the principles of equity have always helped in prevailing justice especially in cases where the common law of contract applicability fails. The principles of equity have conferred excessive discretion on the Court which may undermine the clarity and certainty that the common law rules of contract them otherwise provide. However, this certainty shall always prevail unless a restricted set of rules are not created. A more defined and restricted set of rules may allow equitable relief to prevail and at the same time make common law application easier. References: Bogdan, Michael. "Concise introduction to comparative law." (2013). Brown, James R., Gustav Martinsson, and Bruce C. Petersen. "Law, stock markets, and innovation."The Journal of Finance68.4 (2013): 1517-1549. Greenberg, Jerald, and Ronald L. Cohen, eds.Equity and justice in social behavior. Academic Press, 2014. Hart, Herbert Lionel Adolphus, et al.The concept of law. Oxford University Press, 2012. Llewellyn, Karl N.The common law tradition: Deciding appeals. Vol. 16. Quid Pro Books, 2016. Macnair, Michael RT.The law of proof in early modern equity. Vol. 20. Duncker Humblot, 2013. Milsom, Stroud Francis Charles.Historical foundations of the common law. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2014. Osborn, Percy George.A Concise Law Dictionary-For Students and Practitioners. Read Books Ltd, 2013. Penner, James.The law of trusts. Oxford University Press, 2016. Pettit, Philip H.Equity and the Law of Trusts. Oxford University Press, 2012. Sheleff, Leon Shaskolsky.The future of tradition: Customary law, common law and legal pluralism. Routledge, 2013.

Importance of Nutrition and Exercise in the Society

Nutrition and exercise are essential for the welfare of any society. Lifestyle in the U.S is a sedentary one and is characterized by reduced physical activity. Besides, nutrition comprises of too much fat, carbohydrates and sugars.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Nutrition and Exercise in the Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Accompanied by the use of tobacco, the U.S is faced with a problem of obesity that is accompanied by various diseases that cost the economy a lot of expenditure. Fitness and lifestyle change is therefore, a crucial aspect in managing weight related diseases (WHO, 2011). Performance is also enhanced through body composition that facilitates speed, movements as well as vigor. Of importance is the ability to facilitate recovery from illness. Checking on nutrition and fitness awards an individual with enough energy for healthy development as well as undertaking everyday acti vities. A person’s overall health is enhanced since fitness and dietary management helps to resolve the problem of overweight and obesity. Gaining much weight strains the respiratory and cardiovascular system. Besides, too much weight loss reflects nutrients deprivation, which could lead to fatigue and slowing down of recovery. Junk food with low nutritional value and more fats and sugars causes the problem of overweight that is the main problem in the U.S. Several Americans suffer from hypertension and type II diabetes since they consume too much junk while neglecting physical activities. Regular exercise and watching diet could go a long way in elevating the lifestyle diseases related to being overweight (Levy, 2011). Healthy eating involves taking much fruits and vegetables, plenty of water and low calorific foods with less sugar. Some of the physical activities that American citizens could engage into would be walking, riding bicycles, swimming as well as participating in dances. Many Americans take much of their time watching television, playing video games and riding to the various destinations. This is especially, one cause of pediatric and adulthood obesity. A healthy nutrition should have a balance of proteins for a health development of muscles and other tissues as well as carbohydrates for energy. Besides, vitamins and whole grain food are important for fiber to ease digestion while essential minerals and water are equally important.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This provides for more energy, a healthy and intelligent mind as well as joy in life since the overall wellbeing is enhanced. Most importantly, a healthy diet costs much less unlike junk unhealthy food such as soda, ice-cream and candy (Keane Chace, 1999). Proper and regular excises are essential for appropriate food digestion, nutrients transport, blood sugar balance and sui table body organs function (Keane Chace, 1999). Blood sugar is regulated through oxidizing sugar into energy and reducing its fluctuations. It also aids in reducing surplus pounds that impede the role of insulin receptors and by elevating metabolic rates in the body. Moreover, it facilitates storage of excess blood sugar into the muscles and solves the effects of stress by facilitating oxygen transport to the brain that leads to a high self esteem, mental health, ability to solve problems and psychological, physical and emotional well being (Keane Chace, 1999). Having regular excises reduces insulin medication dependency, risk of heart illness through decreasing blood pressure as well as excess body fat. This eases the society the expenditure used in managing and treating the diseases or the economic loss incurred when missing work due to these health problems. From research, regular exercises also lower the risks of contracting heart, kidney, and limbs problem (Keane Chace, 1999 ). In conclusion, nutritional quality and quantity is of core value. American food comprises of high sugars and processed food. Besides, if food cannot be properly digested, it is detrimental to a person’s health since it could affect the immune system. Nutrition involves food absorption, assimilation and its ultimate conversion into the tissues and only healthy food should be consumed (Levy, 2011). Regular physical activities are equally important since they enhance the metabolic rate and helps in the transfer of nutrients in the body. References Keane, M. Chace, D. (1999). What to Eat If You Have Diabetes: A Guide to Adding Nutritional Therapy to Your Treatment Plan. Chicago, Illinois: McGraw-Hill Professional.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Nutrition and Exercise in the Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Levy, T. E. (2001). Optimal Nutrition for Optimal Health. Chicago, Illinois: McGraw-Hill Professional. World Health Organization (WHO). (2011). World Health Day. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/en/ This essay on Importance of Nutrition and Exercise in the Society was written and submitted by user Cristopher William to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Election Reports

ELECTION REPORT – THE LIBERAL PARTY OF ONTARIO Election Platform – â€Å"The Ontario Liberal Plan† The Ontario Liberal 2003 Election Platform (according to www.ontarioliberals.com) is broken down into five major categories. These categories are, Education, Strong Communities, Economy, Health Care, and Government. For the purposes of this report, I have decided to concentrate on Education, The Economy, and Health Care. Education The Liberals state that education is the foundation of the future of our province, and that it, and the students, have never been more threatened. The Liberals plan to put the children first, with practical and proven techniques that enhance a students’ performance. They call this their â€Å"Excellence for All Plan†. This plan will: (1) set and support ambitious achievement targets, (2) help children get a good start, before even entering school, (3) make sure students get what they need to excel in school, as well as later on in life, and, (4) ensures that the government will stop fighting with parents, teachers, and schools, and instead, work with them. Through this plan, the Liberals guarantee that 75% of students will meet or exceed the provincial standard on province-wide tests. They will also implement a cap of twenty students in junior kindergarten through grade three, with reading, writing, and math being mandatory subjects in the everyday curriculum. Other aspects of this plan include quality childcare, assistance for children with special needs, creating a meaningful high school diploma program, making learning mandatory until the age of 18 (versus 16), safer schools, and a Lighthouse Program so that schools can share program ideas with other schools. The Economy The Liberals plan for economy growth will balance the budget, keep taxes down, create better jobs, and raise Ontarians’ quality of life. They believe that very prudent financ... Free Essays on Election Reports Free Essays on Election Reports ELECTION REPORT – THE LIBERAL PARTY OF ONTARIO Election Platform – â€Å"The Ontario Liberal Plan† The Ontario Liberal 2003 Election Platform (according to www.ontarioliberals.com) is broken down into five major categories. These categories are, Education, Strong Communities, Economy, Health Care, and Government. For the purposes of this report, I have decided to concentrate on Education, The Economy, and Health Care. Education The Liberals state that education is the foundation of the future of our province, and that it, and the students, have never been more threatened. The Liberals plan to put the children first, with practical and proven techniques that enhance a students’ performance. They call this their â€Å"Excellence for All Plan†. This plan will: (1) set and support ambitious achievement targets, (2) help children get a good start, before even entering school, (3) make sure students get what they need to excel in school, as well as later on in life, and, (4) ensures that the government will stop fighting with parents, teachers, and schools, and instead, work with them. Through this plan, the Liberals guarantee that 75% of students will meet or exceed the provincial standard on province-wide tests. They will also implement a cap of twenty students in junior kindergarten through grade three, with reading, writing, and math being mandatory subjects in the everyday curriculum. Other aspects of this plan include quality childcare, assistance for children with special needs, creating a meaningful high school diploma program, making learning mandatory until the age of 18 (versus 16), safer schools, and a Lighthouse Program so that schools can share program ideas with other schools. The Economy The Liberals plan for economy growth will balance the budget, keep taxes down, create better jobs, and raise Ontarians’ quality of life. They believe that very prudent financ...

New Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

New Media - Essay Example Its examples are the Internet, websites, DVDs, CD-ROMs, vide-games, and computer multimedia. These new media technologies have not only become a necessary part of our daily lives but also have dramatically changed our way of living, affecting almost all aspects of our lives in various ways. As new media technologies have become increasingly the ordinary way by which we transact our daily businesses, its positive impact cannot be denied. In the first place, if the new media has not been beneficial to the lives of individuals and the society as a whole, it would have not been widely used and would have not become as pervasive as it is today. However, against its beneficial effects is its negative impact of what many critics termed as the digital divide, which various definitions (OECD, 2001; Boyd, 2002; Wolff & MacKinnon, 2002; Hilbert, 2011) can be summarized as the disproportionate distribution of new media technologies in terms of access, capability, and usage. Just like the undeniable beneficial impacts of new media technologies, so is the digital divide as statistics show. According to the Digital Divide Network (2002), more or less 429 million online users worldwide actually correspond to only 6% of the entire world population. The small proportion of online users is true even in highly developed countries (Sweden at 61% and Spain at 20%), meaning there exists a digital divide even in highly industrialized countries. But this becomes far greater when access and usage are compared between the â€Å"have† and the â€Å"have not† countries – the International Labor Organization (2001) reports that industrialized countries account for 90% of online users worldwide, with the United States and Canada leading both at 57%. On the contrary, the combined online users of Africa and the Middle East account for only 1% of global online users (as cited in Boyd, 2002, p. 113) The emergence of the digital divide, as can be gleaned from

St. Joan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

St. Joan - Essay Example The various characters that come into contact with her, from common soldiers to the Dauphin, are often moved to respond to her magnetism and her unshakeable faith. Joan affects people strongly with her charisma and her conviction in the rightness of her way. As Bertrand de Poulengey says in wonder, â€Å"There is something about the girl† (Scene I). John de Stogumber is an English chaplain and the representative of the Cardinal of Winchester in the English camp. Although his pride in being an Englishman leads to his hatred for Joan, her martyrdom becomes the epiphany which transforms his character. The ruling trait of the Chaplain’s personality is his pride in being an Englishman and in his aristocratic lineage. In fact, Shaw introduces him in the drama as a â€Å"bullnecked English chaplain† (Scene IV). De Stogumber contemptuously dismisses Dunois as being â€Å"only a Frenchman† (Scene IV). His pride borders on bigotry: it can even be said that Shaw pain ts this ‘super patriot’ with more than a touch of the comic. The Chaplain definitely appears as a comic figure when he asserts that the voices heard by Joan â€Å"should have spoken in English† (Scene VI). His horror at Englishmen being designated as heretics is also comical. His partisan leanings lead him to accuse Bishop Cauchon of being a traitor. When the Inquisition attempts to lead Joan into repentance, de Stogumber declares, â€Å"I know there is not faith in a Frenchman† (Scene VI). He cannot accept the fact that â€Å"we English have been defeated† or â€Å"bear to see my countrymen defeated by a parcel of foreigners† (Scene IV). This stubborn belief in the courage and invincibility of the English leads him to search for supernatural causes for their defeat. He claims, â€Å"No Englishman is ever fairly beaten† (Scene IV). His blind belief in the invincibility of the English is instrumental in fanning the flames of his hatred of Joan. John de Stogumber hates Joan with a passion which is almost incomprehensible. He holds her responsible for the defeat of the English army and firmly believes that such a thing could only have been accomplished with the help of diabolic powers. He is willing to throw away his cassock to take arms and â€Å"strangle the accursed witch with my own hands† (Scene IV). His strong language regarding Joan unequivocally demonstrates his hatred of The Maid: she is â€Å"an arrant witch† and â€Å"that slut† (Scene IV). At the same time, his hatred also extends to her French nationality, and has a touch of class snobbery. He calls her â€Å"a witch from lousy Champagne,† and â€Å"a drab from the ditches of Lorraine† (Scene IV). Of all her supposed crimes, the one de Stogumber cannot bring himself to forgive is â€Å"her great rebellion against England† (Scene IV). Joan represents France, rebellion against the old order, and everything that is anti-English. The Chaplain hates her so much that he declares his willingness to burn her with his own hands. It is de Stogumber who â€Å"rushes at her, and helps the soldiers to push her out† to the courtyard and the stake (Scene VI). He is the foremost of her enemies. It is at the stake that John de Stogumber experiences the epiphany which transforms him. The man who shouts â€Å"Light your fire, man. To the stake with her,† and rushes to be the first to witness the burning, becomes the man who comes back â€Å"

Business Project Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Business Project - Dissertation Example The company is also known for its innovation strategies, such as ThinkPad. The company currently employs a total of around 27,000 employees worldwide. The company sells its products in nearly 160 countries and specifically targets the technological markets by way of manufacturing various innovative technology products, which outsells in the market as compared to many of its competitors. The company has been able to gain all round market recognition and popularity. The products manufactured by the company are considered to be of high quality and is widely sold in the global market. The company has also been able to establish itself as a well-known brand in the global market (Schuman, 2009). This paper entails a detailed study about the key factors concerning about the company’s competitive position in the global marketplace. The industrial position acquired by the company in the present marketing scenario, along with its past performances will also be reviewed in the further di scussion of this paper. The discussion in this paper will also encompass various subjects relating to cross-cultural issues that persist in the working environment of Lenovo. The project will highlight upon all those factors that will represent the company’s current position in relation to various aspects, such as balancing pressures that occur while managing different activities in a large-sized multinational company including marketing and sales, financing activities, supply chain processes and other activities related to administration and support. The report will also emphasise various activities relating to the corporate social responsibility of the company performed to suffice the need of the overall society. It will also highlight those factors, which relates to the profitability of the company and the various procedures that the company can follow in order to raise the profitability and also for fulfilling the demands of the consumers. This paper would thus provide a great aid to acquire a detailed outlook about the actual operations and management policies of the company and help in assessing the actual position of the company in terms of various factors including its financial position, output ratio, level of competency along with its market positioning among various other factors. Chapter 1: Lenovo’s Competitive Position in Its Various Markets In this section, all those aspects that are associated with the competency levels of the company in the global markets will be studied. This part will rigorously analyse the company’s present position and the degree of its stability, as compared to the other players of the global consumer technology industry. From a generalised point of view, reviewing the current trends in the global consumer technology industry, the company is seen to have a favourable position. The company is a renowned business firm with a huge customer base. Reviewing the strategies of the company, it can be observed that Lenovo’s organisational leadership framework is well versed with the demands of the customers, moving in parallel to the ever increasing demands and following numerous processes of advancement in the features of its products. Accordingly, the company has

Mayers Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning

Mayers Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning Mayer describes multimedia as modern presentation modes (text, pictures etc.) and different modalities (visual, auditory etc.) that are presented by an integrated technical system such as computer and internet. According to Mayer, multimedia learning refers to learning from words and pictures and multimedia instruction refers to the presentations of words and pictures. We see that Mayer describes the differences between multimedia learning and multimedia instruction. According to his description, multimedia instruction is the learning material which presents words and pictures that are intended to promote learning whereas multimedia learning refers to the learner constructed knowledge that builds mental representations from these words and pictures; that is, multimedia instruction. Mayer (2009) states three views of multimedia messages. Multimedia messages can be based on the delivery media such as amplified speaker and computer screen presentation modes such as words and pictures, or sensory modalities such as auditory and visual. In the first view, it is clearly seen that delivery media is technology centered and focus is on technology rather than learners; that is, the focus is on the devices used to present information rather than on how people learn. The other views are learner centered. These views are consistent with learner centered approach and based on cognitive theory of learning on how people learn. Moreover, these two views are consistent with constructivist learning which is based on actively constructed knowledge rather than passively transmitted and gathered. The only distinction between these views is the sensory modalities view of multimedia is consistent with a cognitive theory of learning that assumes humans have separate information processing channels for auditory and visual processing whereas presentation modes view is consistent with a cognitive theory of learning that assumes humans have separate information processing channels for verbal and pictorial knowledge. In the following figure, Mayer (2009) describes his cognitive theory of multimedia learning. Figure: Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning This cognitive theory of multimedia learning is based on three assumptions (2009): dual channels: there are separate channels for processing visual and auditory experiences and information in humans memory limited capacity: each information channel is limited in its ability to process the amount of information and experiences at one time active processing: processing experience and information in channels is an active process designed to construct coherent mental representations According to this model, the learner must engage in the five cognitive processes or steps in order for meaningful learning to occur in multimedia environment. First, learner selects the relevant words for processing in verbal working memory. Then, learner selects relevant images for processing in visual working memory. After that, learner organizes selected words into a verbal mental model and selected images into a visual mental model. Finally, learner integrates work based and image based representations as well as prior knowledge (Mayer, 2009). Mayers cognitive theory of multimedia learning draws on Paivios (1986) dual coding theory, Swellers (1988) cognitive load theory, Baddeleys (1992) model of working memory, Mayers (1996) SOI model of meaningful learning and Bruners constructivist theory. The working memory model explains what happens to information after it is perceived by the sense organs and suggests that there are separate slave systems such as phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketch pad for processing visual and verbal information (Baddeley, 1992). Dual coding theory is built on the working memory model and suggests that humans have two separate systems for representing verbal and nonverbal information. This verbal and nonverbal information is processed differently and in separate channels and although these systems are structurally and functionally independent, they are also interconnected (Paivio, 1986). Cognitive load theory points the findings from studies about dual coding theory; for example, information processing system is consist of two independent channels for processing and representing information which are limited in their capacity and suggests that learning happens best under conditions that are aligned with human cognitive architecture. Cognitiv e load theory is concerned with the way cognitive resources are focused and used during learning and problem solving (Sweller, 1988). Although Mayers cognitive theory of multimedia learning draws on many theories, Mayers multimedia theory is specifically based on Paivios dual coding theory which basically assumes that humans have separate information processing channels for verbal and pictorial information for auditory and visual messages. According to Mayers theory, the learner has a visual and verbal information processing system. For example, auditory narration goes into the verbal information processing system whereas animation goes into the visual information processing system. Since dual coding theory is built on the working memory model of Baddeley and working memory includes verbal and visual channels which are phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketch pad for processing visual and verbal information, we can also say that Mayers theory is consistent with Baddeleys one. Mayer also uses Swellers cognitive load theory to understand how humans learn and humans cognitive limitations for processing information. By using cognitive load theory, Mayer suggest that presenting too many elements such as words and pictures in multimedia material can lead to overload to be processed in visual or verbal information processing systems. Mayer also supports the theory of constructivist learning. By considering constructivist learning theory, Mayer suggests that cognitive construction and active learning depends on the cognitive processing of the learner during learning process. For example, learner constructs new knowledge by using active learning methods such as actively and mentally engaged in learning processes although passively sitting in the chair and watching a presentation. Mayers also use his SOI model of meaningful learning while building cognitive theory of multimedia learning. In this model, learners are again knowledge constructors who pay attention to relevant words and pictures in multimedia message in order to produce meaningful learning and organize the information in coherent verbal and pictorial model, and integrate it with prior knowledge. By his theory, first, Mayer has contributed to establishing a cognitive theory of multimedia learning which builds on how people learn. Mayers theory also continues to contribute greatly to establishing theories and principles about learning in multimedia environment. Also, his theory and principles are a great resource for instructional designers to consider the cognitive processes related with learning. Instructional designers need to consider the learners and their memory capacities. They need to design their learning materials to maximize the focus on learning activities and minimize the learners attention to activities which are not directly related to learning. When considering new delivery media technologies such as mobile phones, tablet pcs and smart phones, I think future researches need to be conducted to evaluate the multimedia by using this theory in a real world context or new derivatives of theories need to be developed from Mayers one to adapt it to recent real life co nditions.

College Radio Struggles to be Heard :: School Entertainment Essays

College Radio Struggles to be Heard â€Å"Ten watts of fury,† screams current WBCN nighttime deejay Deek, as he sits in his Boylston street studio. Ten watts, which is low by today’s radio standards, certainly doesn’t describe the Infinity-owned rock station that hands him his bi-weekly paycheck. However, it does describe the place where he, along with so many other deejays, got their start on the road to a professional radio career -- college radio. Less than two miles away from WBCN stands the center of Deek’s on-air jokes. â€Å"Ten watts of fury,† WRBB, is Northeastern’s student and community radio station. The community half of that description is often left out, but it clearly shouldn’t be. College radio has always been an outlet for students to learn about industry, while also using it as a tool to voice their opinion. â€Å"It’s a chance to vent, plain and simple,† said Evan â€Å"Slippy† Schneider, a WRBB deejay. â€Å"Where else can college kids speak to large crowds and (whine) and moan about the runarounds NU gives us?† The large crowds Schneider speaks of don’t accurately reflect the typical college radio audience. â€Å"We realize there are only so many people you can reach with a two-mile signal,† said current WRBB Station manager Kristen Aldrich. "That’s why we make a conscious effort to involve the community.† With increasing restrictions in rules and regulations of college stations, any type of involvement of outside university members would seen beneficial. â€Å"I think we’re one of the few stations who allow ‘community members’ to have their own show,† says Aldrich. â€Å"It’s great to get on-air personalities with a different perspective. Another reason to listen to WRBB.† The Boston radio scene has changed a great deal since WRBB’s inception in 1968. Amid all of the corporate turnover and company buyouts, college radio in Boston is often left out of the important radio history of the ninth-largest media market in the country. Like any medium, there have been numerous changes to the sound of Boston radio over the years. According to some, the digital revolution, involving modern technology, has become the largest change the radio industry has had to deal with. As difficult as it may be for stations to adjust to these changes, it is even harder for college stations. For years lack of funding and state-of-the-art equipment has become the largest obstacle for college stations. Recently the state of college radio has been influx due to programming and copyright issues that have affected the sound of local programming.

Essay About Twttin

Hint, Bryon Douglas, who needs to go through his personal journey, has a friend, Mark, who is a tedious person who is endangering Bryon, and causes Bryon to aka a life-changing decision in order to fully mature; I once had to go on a profound personal journey to adapt to middle school. In this â€Å"then† period, Bryon was influenced by Mark. For example, on page 23, Bryon and Mark had the following conversation still in the mood for a little action? ‘Sure' said† By â€Å"action† Mark meant fighting.This shows that Mark influenced Bryon. He was probably so influenced by Mark who was his best friend from childhood. Mark grew into a manipulative and disarming teen. Bryon was doing illegal and irresponsible actions, but he felt bad about hem. However Mark,had no regrets. In Baryon's current lifestyle he is a calm person who stands up for the right and legal things. At this time, he is no longer friends with Mark because Mark was in prison due to Baryon's callin g the cops on Mark for selling drugs.On page 154 Bryon narrated â€Å"l ended up with straight As that semester†¦ † After his transformation, he had better logic. L developed and changed in order to survive middle school by pacing my work. I became more earnest about how much time I have to complete something and when I should start. In conclusion, Bryon matured because he abandoned Mark and made a personal exploration of who he really is; I made a rough choice for the better to adapt to middle school.Byron made his personal journey by calling the police on Mark as an act of self preservation because Byron saw Mark doing something really dangerous, and realized that he did not want to be Mark's friend. Knew it was a bad idea to put things off to the last minute, even though it pained me to give up on my free time. Change is inevitable.

Intelligence Cycle Essay Example

Intelligence Cycle Essay Example Intelligence Cycle Essay Intelligence Cycle Essay INTELLIGENCE CYCLE Name: Institution: Date: Intelligence Cycle The intelligence cycle is the process through which information is collected and disseminated for use by policy makers. Ordinarily, intelligence results from a series of several activities that are interrelated and some times carried out at different levels, adding up to a cycle. The six activities or phases of the intelligence cycle include direction and planning, collection, processing and exploitation, production, dissemination and integration and finally continuous evaluation. The series, however, do not always occur sequentially. Although this is the cycle, it does not always happen as so and neither does it work all the time. It is not a very good description of the ways in which the intelligence process works. Additionally, it ignores two main parts of intelligence work, counterintelligence and covert action[1]. This brings the question of how intelligence cycle should work. One way that the intelligence cycle should work is through allowing the intelligence gaps to drive the intelligence collection. The intelligent managers are usually aware of the intelligent gaps that exist[2]. Therefore, intelligence managers should, â€Å"determine how the information required for the production of intelligence is collected†[3] at the planning stage. Currently, intelligence collection is guided by policy makers. This is an incorrect way of starting the intelligence process. Policy makers often do not know what gap exists within the intelligent database. In simpler terms, policy makers are not aware of what they do not know or rather the gap existing in the intelligence. Therefore, they are in no circumstance to guide the intelligence process. On the other hand, intelligence managers are aware of what intelligence is available and what is not available[4]. Thus, they are aware of the gaps existing from the collectors as well as analysts. Therefore, the intelli gence gaps identified should guide the intelligence process and not the policy makers although they can raise the specific topic of their concern. Another way that the intelligence cycle should work or one would expect it does is ensuring that intelligence collectors and analysts work together towards the same goal. Unfortunately, this is not the case and the two departments work independent from each other[5]. This happens because of various concerns about intelligent information such as security concerns, sources that are compromising and other issues that prevent the two departments from sharing information freely. Considering that intelligent collectors are deployed at the field gathering data while analysts analyze the data to make better judgments, feedback is required in order to know what information is valuable and what needs to be collected. This presents a major problem that needs to be changed to allow information sharing between the intelligence analysis and intelligent collection. After the analysis of information from the intelligence analysts, the analysis or intelligence is passed to policy makers who use such information for making decisions concerning the issues at hand. In many cases, the Directors of National Intelligence are kept out of deliberations concerning policy matters. It is crucial to note that none of the policy makers could understand the intelligence better than the Directors of National Intelligence. â€Å"It is the DNI, responsible for and knowledgeable of the intelligence judgments on major issues†¦[6]† Therefore, DNI should be included in the policy making as advisors since they have a better understanding of the intelligence used to make such policies. Additionally, the DNI should be working with other departments that are responsible for developing security programs in order to make full use of the intelligence gathered as well as get a better feedback about success of intelligence gathered[7]. As discussed, intelligence is quite important to policy makers for making decisions concerning national matters. However, the current intelligence cycle is not working as it is explained in reality. One of the ways it should work is ensuring that the first stage is not driven by policy makers who only have an idea about intelligence gaps. Rather, it should be driven by intelligence gaps as identified by the intelligence managers who are aware of the gaps. Secondly, intelligence collection and analysis should work in a parallel way where both share information as opposed to working in sequential as well as independently from each other. Finally, DNIs should be included in the process of policymaking since they have a better understanding of the intelligence and can help in achieving full benefit of the intelligence to the country by advising policymakers. Bibliography Blair C. Dennis. â€Å"Ten Years after 9/11: Is Intelligence Reform Working? Part II.† U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. May 19, 2011. Hulnick S. Arthur. â€Å"What’s Wrong With the Intelligence Cycle?† Praeger Security International. 2013. http://psi.praeger.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/doc.aspx Keithly M. David. â€Å"Intelligence Fundamentals.† Homeland Security and Intelligence. June 15, 2013. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10399189?ppg=54 [1] Arthur S. Hulnick, â€Å"What’s Wrong With the Intelligence Cycle?† Praeger Security International, 2013, http://psi.praeger.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/doc.aspx

How to Self-Publish on Amazon With KDP †The Master Guide

How to Self-Publish on Amazon With KDP - The Master Guide How to Self-Publish a Book on Amazon So, you're an independent author who's ready to put out your newest work - and now you want to know how to self-publish a book on Amazon,  the grand hub of e-commerce and the original online bookstore. In this day and age, there’s no better way to make your book quickly available to the general public, not to mention that  self-publishing  allows you to take home more royalties than traditional publishing.Indeed, self-publishing could be the key to your authorial success  - and we want to help you get there! Which is why we've written this step-by-step tutorial, which will take you through the entire process of self-publishing on Amazon and provide  crucial tips on how to maximize your book’s market appeal. How to self-publish a book on Amazon in 10 simple steps ðŸ“â€" Kindle Direct Publishing Before we dive into the tutorial, let's talk about Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP): Amazon’s self-publishing service. The KDP platform is what you’ll use to put your book up on Amazon. You'll also monitor your sales and stats from your KDP dashboard in the coming weeks and months. In other words, if you’re even remotely considering the Amazon self-publishing route, it’s good to familiarize yourself with KDP first. Here are the answers to the biggest questions you might have about Kindle Direct Publishing:

Discussion Board Post Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Discussion Board Post Response - Essay Example e analysis making out why there are variations in a budget and subsequently creating strategies to address the problem (Laureate Education Inc, 2012). The fact that analyzing the budget reflects the internal financial situation or performance denotes how variations can be identified. Catherine Schneider, your writing also clearly explains the value of variance analysis in decision making. I concur that variance analysis enhances accountability (Zelman, McCue and Glick, 2009) as it is similarly the case in my organization. Analyzing the budget will help identify departments where variations are occurring and the department manager is answerable for any mismanagement of funds. This drives the departmental managers into making more effective pronouncements in terms of staffing and supportive action plans such as trainings to improve employees skills and abilities. This clearly shows that variance analysis determines how managers make decisions. In other words, it forces managers to make more effective decisions. I also agree that variance analysis may reveal the need to expand the budget and give data and information to support the claim. This means that decisions to expand a budget is dependent on budget

Creative Process Assignment Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creative Process Assignment - Article Example Ideas sometime needs inspiration forexample a personmay have a dream which gives them an idea. This idea has to be worked on immediately thus this person has to wake up in the middle of the night to right down these ideas lest they forget. Normal situations like taking a shower, watching a film or walking in the streets have a tendency of producing big ideas. In my own perspective everybody is creative if they decide to put their mind to it (Jaffe, 2003). Butif we look at the history of creativity which is the cornerstone of advertisements big ideas, we find out that the minds ability to be creative has been overshadowed(Griffin & Morrison, 2010). Creativity is a tough thing for most people yet it is very important in the contemporary society(Jaffe, 2003). Creativity is a process that seeps into the mind of the people. Everybody has their own creative process since each mind is unique thus ideas are born differently(Griffin & Morrison, 2010). I have my own creative process which I use to deliver my big ideas and I have to know my process just like an artist knows his tools. Novelty is my number one tool that I use before even starting the creative process(Griffin & Morrison, 2010). I do not necessarily have to have the idea at hand but if I have novelty I can always come up with new ideas which bring dynamism to the advertising world. My creative process involves four significant stages with the first stage being preparation(Griffin & Morrison, 2010). The preparation stage is where in my opinion makes the creative process tough. An example is when you see a person walking down the street you don’t look twice or remember him or her a few seconds after they have, passed. Why? Because it is ordinary, it is normal nothing stands out worth remembering(Jaffe, 2003). Now this same concept must be played in creativity in advertising. The preparation part means that I have to find out something new, something

What are the advantages and disadvantages of EDCT's You Essay

What are the advantages and disadvantages of EDCT's You - Essay Example In such case, the airline company has to be assigned again with a new EDCT which maybe much later than the other airplanes. This is due to the fact that the issuance of EDCT’s is on the â€Å"first come, first serve basis.† Hence, the passengers may become upset and feel frustrated on the transport service of the airline company due to extension of holding time. Considerably, an airplane company may opt not to fly in accordance with the EDCT for the reason that they only have few passengers aboard and it will expectedly result to an unfair loss of profits. On the other hand, the assigning of EDCT’s significantly helps the air traffic controllers to accurately accept or deny any suggested arrivals or departures by airline companies. This allows them to regulate the air traffic more efficiently and orderly (FAA 21). On the contrary, the assignment of such adds burden to the work of the air traffic controllers. The air traffic controllers are expected to be attentiv e and available at all times. In fact, in times wherein there is a continuous weather disturbance, they are forced to work overtime just to ensure the safety departure and arrival of

Types of Introductory Paragraphs Essay Example for Free

Types of Introductory Paragraphs Essay According to world statistics, the level of air pollution has been steadily increasing throughout the years. Though the result is not alarming, it is important for us to take measures in controlling activities that lead to air pollution. Only by doing so, will we be able to have better quality air. Therefore, the first thing to do is to find out what causes air pollution and its outcomes. Based on my observation there are two major causes and effect of air pollution. Type: Anecdotal Topic 2: Arguments I used to live next door to a couple who always argued. They argued over even the smallest matter. Sometimes, they argued the whole day, and sometimes the argument even continued to the next day. After sometime, I learned to ignore the shouting and name calling that they used to do to each other. Sometimes, just for fun, I would listen to their arguments and made up my own refutations; my own answers to their accusations. When I was older and began to understand more, I started thinking about the reasons why people argue. From what I have heard from my neighbours, arguments can be caused by two main issues; money and jealousy. Type: General to Specific Topic: AIDS According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is an illness which attacks the body’s ability to resist infection. It is a lethal disease that everyone fears. However, in some countries where sex trade is rampant, this deadly disease is unavoidable especially for those directly involved. Why is AIDS deadly and how does it affect the victims? Based on scientific researches done, there are two deadly outcomes of AIDS. Samples of Concluding Paragraph : Causes and/or Effects Essay Topic 1: Air Pollution In summary, air pollution is caused by increase in population and industrial activities. Due to these reasons, the world is suffering from global warming as well as higher lung diseases. In my point of view, more preventive measures must be taken in order to improve the air quality in our nation. Only by doing this, will we be able to see healthier population and better environment. Topic 2: Arguments In a nutshell, arguments can break out at anytime and anywhere. The main reasons why people argue are usually because of financial difficulty as well as personal feelings towards each other. I think, it is wise for people to find time to talk about things that are causing these arguments in a mature manner or else, they will create animosity instead of unity in their relationship. Topic: AIDS To cut it short, people who suffer from AIDS will experience lower immunity as well as public criticism. In order to protect ourselves from AIDS, we need to educate our generation and future generations about the dangers of having unprotected sexual intercourse, taking drugs and to increase their awareness of general health.

Impact of Directly Observed Treatment on Tuberculosis

Impact of Directly Observed Treatment on Tuberculosis Description of the condition Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is defined as Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with in vitro resistance to at least both isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RFP) (Johnston 2009;WHO;WHO 2013). Emergence of this strain since the 1980s has represented a major barrier towards successful TB control (Johnston 2009;WHO 2013). Among the newly diagnosed TB patients in 2012, 3.6% had MDR TB while the percentage was approximately six times higher among those previously treated cases (20.2%) (WHO 2013).In 2012, it was estimated that 450000 incident cases and 170000 mortality cases of MDR TB occurred globally (WHO 2013). Compared with drug-susceptible strains, treatment of MDR TB is much more complex. According to the WHO guidelines, MDR TB treatment regimen requires a minimum duration of 18 months with two treatment phases, the intensive and the continuation phase (WHO). The first six months of treatment is usually considered the intensive phase since a patient needs to receive both oral and injectable drugs (WHO). After this period, the injectable agent is discontinued and patients receive the oral drugs for another 12-18 months (termed as the continuation phase) (WHO). Management of MDR TB is challenging for that patients are normally in advanced stages of disease with thick-walled cavities and chronic lung lesions which are hard for the drugs to penetrate (Orenstein 2009). Also, the longer treatment duration, high out-of-pocket cost, together with the more frequent adverse reactions that are associated with second line drugs are all contribution factors to poor treatment adherence (Bassili 2013;Toczek 2012;Volmink 2007). As a result, treatment success rate of MDR TB was much lower compared to drug sensitive strains. According to the WHO, the pooled treatment success rate of MDR TB patients diagnosed in 2009 was about 48%, whereas it exceeded 85% among non-MDR TB patients (Johnston 2009). Description of the intervention Directly observed treatment (DOT) refers to the use of an appointed agent (a professional health worker, a community volunteer, or a family member) to directly monitor people taking their anti-tuberculosis drugs (Mukherjee 2004). Initially, this concept was proposed as a key component of Directly Observed Therapy, Short Course (DOTS) by the WHO in 1994 to ensure cure of TB (WHO). In addition to the provision of standardized 6-8 months short-course directly observed chemotherapy regimen, other components of DOTS include: political commitment, case detection through quality-assured bacteriology, maintenance of an effective drug supply and management system, and evaluation of performance and impact (WHO). Implementation of DOTS in non-MDR TB treatment demonstrates significant effectiveness, as the strategy has helped to treat 37 million TB cases and cured more than 80% of them by 2007(WHO 2013). However, the standardized short-course chemotherapy is usually not applicable to cases of MD R TB. To improve patients’ adherence to MDR TB treatment, in 2000, WHO and its international partners further developed DOTS-Plus strategy by adding the components of MDR-TB diagnosis, treatment and management into the DOTS (WHO 2008;WHO 2011). In this DOTS-Plus strategy, DOT is highly recommended by the WHO to be delivered to all MDR-TB patients (WHO 2008;WHO 2011). However, treatment of MDR-TB patients requires at least 18 months, therefore, delievering DOT to MDR-TB patients would be more challenge than for drug-suspectible TB patients. There are two types of DOT according to its implementation length. In full DOT, anti-TB drugs were administered under direct observation throughout the treatment duration (including both the intensive and continuation phase) whereas it is directly observed only during the intensive phase for partial DOT (WHO 2008;WHO 2011). Effectiveness of DOT is commonly demonstrated through comparison with SAT, a traditional management modality in which anti-TB drugs were self-administered by patients without any observation (WHO 2008;WHO 2011). Currently, many countries have incorporated full DOT into their national TB control programs (NTPs) according to suggestions from the WHO guidelines (Bassili 2013). However, there are still countries that adopt partial DOT or even self-administrated treatment (SAT) as the management modality in their NTPs. How the intervention might work A better understanding of how DOT improves treatment outcomes of MDR TB could have important management implications. First, knowing the type(s) of DOT provider and location that is associated with a higher treatment success rate could allow one to make evidence-based decisions when designing DOT for MDR TB treatment. Second, studying the influence of other characteristics on successful treatment outcomes of MDR TB could provide a conservative yet more objective conclusion of the effectiveness of DOT. Third, comparing DOT with other strategies for the improvement of treatment adherence could advise policy makers to balance resources between DOT and these other strategies so that treatment could be delivered in a more cost-effective way. Why it is important to do this review Impact of DOT on successful TB treatment has been controversial throughout the years. Previous observational studies suggested that DOT ensured timely adherence management as well as day-to-day monitoring of adverse effects (Orenstein 2009). One meta-analysis revealed that treatment completion rate among pulmonary TB patients could exceed 90% when DOT was implemented throughout the treatment course(Bassili 2013). However, results from a recent meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials showed no significant difference in treatment success rate between DOT and SAT among drug-susceptible TB cases(Mukherjee 2004). Moreover, previous meta-analyses almost exclusively focused on the role of DOT in the treatment of non-MDR TB; little has been examined systematically regarding its role in effective MDR TB treatment.

The Odyssey - Comparing The Ro :: essays research papers

Odyssey vs. Rustling Rhapsody Comparison of the Role of Women 'A woman is very unpredictable. She is romantic, sensitive and caring; however, underneath she is convoluted, deceptive and dangerous.';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Erin Perrizn (1963 -) One would automatically assume that the female character in a heroic story takes the preconceived role of an object at the disposal of the male protagonist. The female character in a heroic story holds the stereotype that she is obtuse, and will repeatedly flock to the most handsome man. 'Rustler's Rhapsody'; is a sardonic parody of the western film stereotypes: the women play very small roles other than Rex O'Herolan's personal cheerleaders. However, in the epic poem, The Odyssey, Homer gave souls and personalities to his female characters. Women are not in the story just to please Odysseus; they are important and independent characters that help him on his heroic journey. The women in The Odyssey are essential in Homer's poem: they not only act as a voice of reason and care, but are the deceptive and deceiving characters that add an intangible mystery. In 'Rustler's Rhapsody';, Miss Tracy and the C.B.'s daughter are the only female characters. They both portray the stereotype of incipit debutantes who are instantly attracted to the handsome hero. The C.B.'s daughter is an inept character who gets dragged across the desert by her horse 'Wildfire';, only to be saved by Rex O' Herolan. In that particular scene, she attempts to seduce Rex by flirting and engaging in small talk about a blanket. Miss Tracy, the town prostitute, is even more direct than the C.B.'s daughter. She comes in her underwear trying to persuade Rex to sleep with her. Although this may seem like some characters in The Odyssey, Miss Tracy has no other role in the plot other than to sleep with Rex. The two women did not shed a tear when Rex said good-bye: they had almost no feeling at all. The two weren't jealous of one another; it seems strange that two girls could share one hero. Miss Tracy and the C.B.'s daughter both have identical shallow character. Personality is a characteristic missing from to their female stereotype; they are merely used as the Rex's trophies after defeating Bob. Other than that, the two women had no role in the story. On the other hand, Homer uses the female character to provide reason and care for the protagonist, Odysseus. Despite the number of unimportant female characters, Penelope, Circe, Calypso, and Pallas Athene all have unique personalities that are essential to the development of Odyesseus and Telemachus.

IT ethics: Hacking And Copyrights Essay

IT ethics is a new branch of ethics that is growing and changing rapidly as IT technology also grows and develops. The term â€Å"IT ethics† is open to interpretations both broad and narrow. On the one hand, for example, IT ethics might be understood very narrowly as the efforts of professional philosophers to apply traditional ethical theories or virtue ethics to issues regarding the use of IT technology. On the other hand, it is possible to construe IT ethics in a very broad way to include, as well, standards of professional practice, codes of conduct, aspects of IT law, public policy, corporate ethics – even certain topics in the sociology and psychology of computing. In the industrialized nations of the world, the â€Å"information revolution† already has significantly altered many aspects of life – in banking and commerce, work and employment, medical care, national defense, transportation and entertainment. Consequently, information technology has begun to affect community life, family life, human relationships, education, freedom, democracy, and so on. IT ethics in the broadest sense can be understood as that branch of applied ethics, which studies and analyzes such social and ethical impacts of information technology (Bynum). In recent years, this robust new field has led to new university courses, conferences, workshops, professional organizations, curriculum materials, books, articles, journals, and research centers. The introduction of the World Wide Web in 1990 has catalyzed the expansion of the Internet, which is still growing today at unprecedented rates and IT ethics is quickly being transformed into â€Å"global information ethics†. The recent growth of the Internet has resulted not only in an increase in the amount of available knowledge, but also in an increase in the problems inherent to its usage and distribution. It has become clear that traditional rules of conduct are not always applicable to this new medium, so new ethical codes are now being developed. Edward F. Gehringer gives broad and wide-ranged classification of ethical issues in information technology area. He distinguished following main aspects of IT ethics (Gehringer): Basics; Commerce; IT Abuse; Intellectual Property; Privacy; Risks; Social Justice Issues; Although, in practice every case involves at least two of those issues. At first, let us discuss problems of copyrights in present-day IT industry. It seems that this issue deals with almost every aspect listed above and it will be good example of ethics implementation in IT. In article â€Å"Napster, DVD cases raise copyright questions in digital age†, we can observe some problems concerning copyright issues of IT industry. The article discusses this problem on example of Napster, the Internet search engine which allows over 60 millions consumers to find and download free music. â€Å"Experts say the high-tech context in which copyright questions are being raised – as exemplified by the Napster case in California and a DVD-encryption case out of New York – also shows that the law is always a few steps behind technology.† The Recording Industry Association of America filed a lawsuit against Napster in December 2000, accusing the company of encouraging the illegal copying and distribution of copyright music on a massive scale. Author asserts that the case raises fundamental questions about freedom of information and activity on the Internet and what copyright protections musicians have or do not have in cyberspace. â€Å"For th ose and other reasons, legal experts point to the Napster case as crucial to the future of cyberspace and copyright law in the United States, the world’s leader in high-tech issues†, he states. In this article, the writer also describes how copyright law needs revision because it has become so complicated and counterintuitive. He also maintains that many content providers and copyright lawyers tend to propagate â€Å"made-up rules† that purport to clarify ambiguities such as the legality of sharing music on peer-to-peer file sharing networks. Author asserts that copyright rules, however, are in considerable flux these days and very little is clear about these new technologies. According to article, we surely have no obligation to follow made-up rules, although it is sometimes easy to confuse these specious requirements with real ones. Given this confusion, it concludes that the need for copyright reform is urgent. With the dawning of the Internet and other highly advanced technology, people all around the world are now able to copy, download, and distribute copyrighted material with ease. Unfortunately, the use of the Internet has increased the conflict with copyright laws.   In 1998, Congress passed the Digital Millennium Copyright Act to address the tricky issue of copyright protections in a digital environment. An important aspect of that law was anti-circumvention protection, which barred people from circumventing password-protected and other secure Web sites that provide access to creative works. The law said the copyright owners could file civil lawsuits against those who break into such secure Web sites. This is the directly applicable law in the DVD case. At its core, copyright law says that the creators of certain literary and artistic works have the right to ensure that unauthorized people do not use their work for unauthorized purposes. The creators hold the copyright. They can gi ve up their exclusive right to publishers or other authorized entities for a limited time or permanently. Legislation and court rulings have held that people have a significant right to make use of exceptions within the copyright law to avoid lawsuits. On the other hand, if the overwhelming majority of actors regulated by the copyright law are ordinary end-users, it makes no sense to insist that each of them retain copyright counsel in order to fit herself within niches created to suit businesses and institutions, nor is it wise to draw the lines where the representatives of today’s current stakeholders insist they would prefer to draw them. Extending the prescriptions and proscriptions of the current copyright law to govern the everyday acts of non-commercial, non-institutional users is a fundamental change. To do so without affecting a drastic shift in the copyright balance will require a comparably fundamental change in the copyright statutory scheme. In a whole, issues in article raised very well, opposing two different views on copyright problem – from creator’s and from consumer’s side. Undoubtedly, both the Napster and DVD cases raise free speech, fair use and copyright issues, which makes them important to future legal and legislative action in the high-tech area. Using those cases writer shows controversial issues and concludes that the need for copyright reform is urgent. On the other hand there is no strong support for reasons in which way legislation concerning copyrights could be established. In my opinion, the eloquence surrounding digital copyright in general, and peer-to-peer file sharing and DVD encryption in particular, heated in article, inspires great confusion about what the copyright law does and does not prohibit. In general, most of the key legal questions are still unsettled, in part because copyright defendants have run out of money and gone out of business before their cases could go to trial. In that vacuum, some copyright owners are claiming that their preferred rules of conduct are well-established legal requirements. There may be an ethical obligation to follow real rules, even when they seem unreasonable. But there is any ethical obligation to follow made-up ones. Indeed, in this context, we may have an ethical obligation to resist them. When considering this new and advanced way of sharing information, with regard to copyright laws, the following factors must be assessed: the legality of the situation, financial losses and gains, and moral issues. Two different views can be inevitably argued over this controversial issue; those who think the downloading of copyrighted material, without the permission of the author is theft, and those who believe file sharing of copyrighted material is their right in the information age.   Although the digital age has made advanced technology available to everyone, the principles of justice and fairness should still prevail. As an IT professional, we have the moral responsibilities to point out when necessary about copyrights. We should be aware that copyrighted material on the Internet is available for free download only if the creators give consent to its publication and distribution. It can be certain that the debate on copyright in the digital age will continue, and that a definitive solution will take a while to reach for each side.   Technology will always be here and will continue to advance, but the industries must be willing to work with the technology to meet the demands of the consumer in the information age. Hacking is also one of the most significant issues nowadays, which involves almost every aspect of IT ethics. Second article I have submitted for hacking ethics topic is â€Å"Under the skin of digital crime† from BBC News. The article discusses issues of â€Å"positive† and â€Å"negative† hacking. It claims that there was a time when hacking was something positive. It was done in the name of intellectual curiosity rather than financial reward. Now hacking has become an activity that holds two positions and is therefore both solemnized for its insightful inventiveness and defamed for its devious acts. Article claims that the ethics behind hacking and the actions taken by hackers constitute a manifesto that transcends ordinary understanding of this activity. Hackers argue that their actions promote a means for tighter security by way of detecting flaws and patches for systems and software. However, these very actions are viewed as violations of the rights to privacy and security for both individuals and organizations. Consequently, this establishes a cautionary attitude toward ethical issues such as, privacy, security and the future of the Internet. Another trend that article raises is the creeping criminality of hacking, much of which is now carried out for explicitly financial reward. Some criminal hackers are threatening to bombard some web-based businesses with gigabytes of data unless large amounts of cash are handed over. It is extortion with a hi-tech gloss. In author’s experience, many of these criminal hackers have full-time jobs in technology. â€Å"Professional hackers are professional in all senses of the word,† he states, â€Å"they work in the industry.† The fundamental doctrine or ethic that hackers use in order to justify their behavior is the idea that hacking offers a mode of investigation, which allows an individual to gain knowledge necessary to infiltrate systems that contain vulnerabilities. Acquiring this knowledge allows one to develop strategies that facilitate exploration of their functions and the inner components of the systems. The â€Å"hacker ethic† states in part that all information belongs to everyone and there should be no boundaries or restraints to prevent disclosure of this information. This philosophy that is upheld by the hacker community introduces ethical questions regarding the freedom of information and the loss of privacy. One more argument supported by the hacker ethic is that break-ins elucidate security problems to those who can do something about them. Hacker intrusions into systems surpass the traditional understanding of violating the laws of trespassing. Hacking involves the exploitation, or the manipulation of a bug, or a backdoor that is inherently present within the system. In this view, hacking is not a threat against the integrity of the system being exploited, but instead is a means of implementing corrections and enforcing tighter security. Although issues in article risen well, the writer did not make a conclusive support argument of the statement that many of criminal hackers have full-time jobs in technology. There is not strong support for causes of criminal actions by hackers. The only reason that they carried out hacking, he argued for explicitly financial reward. Concerning hacking ethics, problem discussed very particularly, and the common statement depicts real situation. Undoubtedly, hackers and hacking problems are real ones, but how might they be solved? Security requires much more than designing a secure technical infrastructure that resembles an impenetrable fortress. The key to a secure network is the development of real time enforceable policies that take advantage of security bulletins and published security holes. â€Å"It is ethically wrong to wait until systems under protection are compromised in order to begin patching up the holes. Securing a network doesn’t begin with high cost software and security firewalls aimed at halting the intruders, but begins with utilizing available knowledge that calls for improvements made by ethical hacking.† (Mikkkeee). Whatever the case, hackers believe that when they compromise a system they are in effect introducing fixes that force the system administrator to take the necessary precautions in patching up the hole, thereby tightening the security of the system. From this position, the hacker is actually doing a service to the system administrator who is unfamiliar with the bugs that can lead to a system compromise. If there is any criminal intent on the part of the hacker, then they should be held legally accountable for violating the security of the system and their actions should be punishable by law. From the point of view of IT professional, we have the moral responsibilities to point out when necessary about hacker activities. Even though hacking undoubtedly has led to productive improvement in IT and software security, it has in effect created many disruptive problems online and offline. Hacking is an activity that introduces a method of analysis that targets and works on various components. Therefore, hacking has the potential to cause harm and to violate legitimate privacy and property rights. By ethical standards hacking does introduce crucial security fixes, but does so at the expense of violating privacy and the security of individuals. Furthermore, hacking activities lead to disruptive and dangerous problems for society, which tend to be difficult to eradicate. But, with awareness of those problems, we also should take into account that hacking is underside of technical progress, and could not be considered apart of it. As The Mentor warns in the conclusion to his manife sto, â€Å"I am a hacker, and this is my manifesto. You may stop this individual, but you can’t stop us all† (Mentor, 1). Even if the authorities catch a hacker, as long as there is a motivation, hacking will persist. On the other hand, IT professionals should clearly recognize boundary between real professionalism and hacking in their own activity, because that line is very transparent. In conclusion, we should note, that significant attention paid to issues erected above in public press. Many publications leave negative impression about hacking and copyrights, as those are lawless anyway. The Napster and DVD cases received the most publicity because it involves highly popular software that millions of people around the world use to share music and films. Concerning hacking issue, media tend to use the word â€Å"hacker† as a synonym for cyber vandal, digital criminal and basically any person who uses digital means to perform criminal or malicious activities. Nevertheless, it would be better to consider not only consequences, but causes as well. For the first look hacking and copyrights are on the contrary sides of ethics, but when we examine details, there are much more common between them. These problems are permanent topics of news nowadays. With penetration of information technology into mass media, which now functioning very closely related with World Wide Web, moreover, when Internet becoming a main media, issues of hacking and intellectual property ethics are affecting mass media itself noticeably. Thus those problems widely covered now in press and will cover on with spreading of information technology. The question is in qualitative impact of subjects on mass media. Bibliography: Bynum, Terrell, IT Ethics: Basic Concepts and Historical Overview. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2001 Edition), Edward N. Zalta(ed.), Gehringer, Edward. â€Å"Ethics in Computing.† Ethical Issues. Homepage. 2001 Chebium, Raju. â€Å"Napster, DVD cases raise copyright questions in digital age.† CNN.com News. August 7, 2000 Ward, Mark. â€Å"Under the skin of digital crime.† BBC News Online. 11 May, 2004 Mikkkeee. â€Å"Hacking: Ethical Issues of the Internet Revolution.† New Order Portal. March 29, 2003 The Mentor, â€Å"The Conscience of a Hacker,† Phrack, Vol One, Issue 7, Phile 3, January 8, 1986. February 10, 2003.

The Four Porqués of Spanish

The Four 'Porquà ©s' of Spanish Although porque, por quà ©, por que, and porquà © have related meanings, they are not interchangeable. If you find them confusing as a Spanish student, youre in good company: Native speakers often write them incorrectly as well. Por Quà © Por quà © typically is used in questions, meaning why:  ¿Por quà © celebramos el 16 de septiembre? (Why do we celebrate September 16?) ¿Por quà © estamos aquà ­? (Why are we here?) ¿Por quà © no citas tus fuentes? (Why dont you cite your sources?) Por quà © is also sometimes used in statements that form an indirect question. In such cases, it usually is still translated as why. Dime por quà © las noches son tan largas. (Tell me why the nights are so long.)Quiero saber por quà © se usa el prefijo www en las pginas Web. (I want to know why the prefix www is used for Web pages.) Porque Porque typically means because: Es simple porque se basa en el concepto de igualdad. (It is simple because it is based on the concept of equality.)Perdà ³nalos, porque no saben lo que hacen. (Forgive them, because they dont know what theyre doing.)Voy al restaurante porque tengo hambre. (Im going to the restaurant because Im hungry.)-  ¿Por quà © sales? - Porque estoy aburrida. (Why are you leaving? Because Im bored.) Por quà © and porque are far more common than the following two usages. If youre a beginner at Spanish you can probably safely stop here. Por Que Por que occurs when que as a relative pronoun follows the preposition por. If that sounds confusing, think of por que as meaning for which, although it is often translated as that or why. Esa es la razà ³n por que he querido salir. (That is why I wanted to leave. Literally, that is the reason for which I wanted to leave.)El motivo por que llegà ³ tarde fue el paro de buses. (He arrived late because of the bus stoppage. Literally, the reason for which he arrived late was the bus stoppage.) Por que also occurs when que follows a verb phrase using por. For example, the phrase for to worry about is preocuparse por. Here is an example where the phrase is followed by que: Se preocupa por que las soluciones sean incompatibles. (She is worried that the solutions will be incompatible.) Porquà © Finally, porquà © is a masculine noun, meaning reason, much like using why as a noun in English: No comprendo el porquà © de la violencia domà ©stica. (I dont understand the reason for domestic violence.)Estn acostumbrados a tomar decisiones, no a explicar los porquà ©s. (They are used to making decisions, not at explaining the reasons.)